Environmental Crime is defined as:

• A. A routine cleanup operation by environmental agencies.
• B. Negligent, knowing or willful violation of a federal environmental law.
• C. A civil dispute over land use.
• D. An international treaty on pollution.

Answer: (B)

Understanding what counts as an environmental crime under federal law is the main idea. Environmental crime occurs when someone violates a federal environmental statute in a negligent, knowing, or willful way. This captures both intentional wrongdoing and serious neglect that breaches protective requirements, leading to criminal penalties. It's not simply a routine cleanup operation by environmental agencies—that's part of enforcement and public safety, not a crime. Nor is it a civil dispute over land use, which falls under civil or administrative remedies rather than criminal charges. And it's not an international treaty—that's an agreed framework between countries; violations can have separate consequences but aren't themselves a crime defined in domestic federal law. So the option describing violating a federal environmental law, with a mental state ranging from negligent to willful, best fits the concept of an environmental crime.